Upon Henry I’s death, Matilda’s cousin Stephen of Blois quickly seized the throne, claiming it for himself. His swift coronation caught many by surprise, including Matilda, who believed herself the rightful queen. This led to a protracted civil war known as The Anarchy (1135–1153), during which England was plunged into chaos, with rival factions supporting either Matilda or Stephen.
The Anarchy: A Woman’s Fight for Power
Matilda’s campaign to claim the English crown was fierce and relentless. Despite significant opposition, she was able to assert control over parts of England and even had herself declared "Lady of the English" in 1141—a title signifying her claim to kingship, though she was never formally crowned queen.
Her struggle was marked by both military conflict and political maneuvering. Matilda was a formidable leader, known for her intelligence, determination, and strong will. However, her efforts were hampered by the reluctance of many nobles to accept a female ruler and the ongoing warfare that devastated much of the country.
Matilda’s supporters briefly captured King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, strengthening her position. Yet, she was unable to secure full recognition as monarch and was eventually forced to retreat. The civil war dragged on for years, exhausting both sides. shutdown123